Joseph Smith Jr. - muvambi weMormonism

Joseph Smith Jr. akazvarwa musi waZvita 23, 1805 muSharon, Vermont. Mhuri yaSmith yakazotamira kunharaunda yeManchester, New York. Sezvakanyorwa nhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare, akakurira mukusaziva, hurombo, nekutenda mashura. Mukurumbira wake waive wekusaziva. Makumi matanhatu nevatanhatu vavakidzani vaSmith muNew York vakapa humbowo muzvifidha maererano nehunhu hwemhuri yaSmith. Pamwe chete, ava vavakidzani vakasimbisa kuti hunhu hwaSmith uye hunhu hwevavo vavaisangana navo hwainge hwakaipa. Joseph Smith aizivikanwa kuve akaipisisa pane vese. Kubva pauchapupu uhwu, avo vanoziva Joseph Smith vakataura kuti iye kana shamwari dzake vangatendwa pasi pemhiko, uye kuti pakange paine nyaya dzakawanda dzinopesana dzinotaurwa pamusoro pe "Golden Bible" rake. Izvo zvakange zvakanyorwa nezvaJoseph Smith kuti aive nekwaniso inoshamisa yekurarama asingashande, uye kuti akashamisika nezvenyika se "muroyi wemvura," achinongedzera kunongedzera kwaive netsinga dzakanaka dzemvura nekubviswa kwetsvimbo yehazel yakabata muruoko rwake. Akaitawo senge aigona kuwana pfuma yakavanzwa uye akarasika mombe. Pakutanga sa1820, akazivisa pachena kuti aive nezviratidzo uye zvakazarurwa zvaMwari. Akataura kuti ngirozi inonzi Moronai yakamuratidza kwaive kwakahwanda mamwe mahwendefa egoridhe. Mushure mekuwana mahwendefa aya, akashandisa peep-dombo rakaiswa muheti yake "kududzira". Kubva kushanduro iyi kwakauya Bhuku raMormoni, chinyorwa chikuru cheMormonism chinyorwa. Iine zvirevo zvemazuva ano uye mazano angadai asina kuzivikanwa kune anofungidzirwa munyori muna 420 AD Ine zvinyorwa zvakawanda kubva kuKing James vhezheni yeBhaibheri, iyo yakaburitswa muma1600. Smith aive nevarume vatatu vakapupurira vachinyora kuti vaive vaona mahwendefa ake egoridhe. Mumwe wevarume ava akarangwa muKirtland nekugara muhupombwe pachena nemushandikadzi; vakadzingwa muchechi muMissouri nekuda kwekunyepa, kunyepera, uye unzenza; uye pakupedzisira akafa muMissouri sechidhakwa. Chimwe chipupuriro chakadzingwa mukereke mushure mekuramba kutevedzera zvaJoseph Smith "zveshuwa muchato wekuratidzira" izvo zvakaita kuti kugara barika kuve kwakakosha. Iye haanawo kubvumirana nekushandisa kwaSmith maDanite, boka revatsigiri vechisimba, vanonziwo "ngirozi dzinotsiva." Nhasi zvinotendwa kuti kwakatangira kweBhuku raMormoni ibhuku rakanyorwa naSolomon Spaulding; iyo yaive yekunyepedzera nhoroondo kudanana. Smith naOliver Cowdery vakawedzera kuchinyorwa cheSpaulding chedzidziso pamusoro penyika, kupokana -kuvaka uye kubhabhatidza.

Pearl reGreat Price, chimwe chinyorwa cheMormon chinyorwa, chakavezwa mushure mekunge Smith atenga mamwe mammmy nemipumburu yemariro kubva kumutengesi aifamba achipfuura neKirtland, Ohio muna 1835. Mukusaziva kwake, Smith akataura kuti papyrus yemariro yaive nezvinyorwa kubva muTestamende Yekare Abraham naJoseph. weEgipita. Zvisinei, mukupera kwema1960, vekuEgyptologist vakasimbisa kuti iyo nhokwe iyo Smith yaakati anoshandisa kunyora Pearl yeGreat Price yaive mupumburu wemariro wechihedheni; chikamu cheIjipita Bhuku reRefathings. The Book of Breathings yaive bhokisi remanyoro rizere nemafomati mafomu achireva kusimbisa nzira yemunhu akafa kuenda muhupenyu hwapashure merufu. Parera reMutengo Mukuru harinei naAbrahama kana Joseph weEjipitori. "MaFirst Principles eEvhangeri" akatorwa kubva kuna Alexander Campbell, muvambi wesangano reChechi yaKristu. MaMormon mazhinji ekutanga akauya sevapanduki kubva kumamwe machechi echiKristu.

Joseph Smith akaronga Chechi yeMormoni muna 1830. Tembere yekutanga yeMormoni yakapedziswa muKirtland, Ohio muna 1836. Smith akarongawo “chikwata chevaapositori gumi nevaviri.” Smith paakabudirira zvakanyanya, ndipo paakazonyanya kudzvanyirira. Aizivikanwa kuti airarama mune yakasarudzika yakakura kupfuura zvakaitwa neVatendi vake. Smith aizivikanwa nehupombwe hwake. Muna 1831, akatambira “zvakazarurwa” zvinoraira Vatendi kuti vagare muMissouri (nyika ye “Ziyoni”). VaMormon vakashurikidza maHedeni (avo vasingatendi muchiMormonism) se "vavengi vaIshe." Smith naSidney Rigdon vakatizira kuMissouri muna 1838 kunzvenga kuiswa mutirongo mushure mebhanga reMormon rakagadzirwa naSmith rakatadza kuKirtland, Ohio. Smith naRigdon vaka "tariswa uye vane minhenga" yekubiridzira vanhu kubva pamari yavo. KuFar West, Missouri Smith naRigdon vakazivisa "rusununguko" kubva kuhurumende yeUnited States. Rigdon akaendesa "mharidzo yake yemunyu," achiyambira kuti kwaizove nehondo yekuparadza pakati peVatendi nehurumende yevaHedeni, uko maMormon vaizotevera chero vanhu vaiuya kuzorwa navo kusvikira donhwe reropa ravo radururwa. Smith akagamuchira chimwe chizaruro muIndependence, Missouri muna 1831 izvo zvakabvumidza nhengo dzechechi se “vamiririri pabasa raIshe” kutora pfuma pese pavanoda kubva kumaJentairi, uye kubhadhara iyo imba chete kana vachida. Nhoroondo inonyora kuti vaMormon vaitevera chakazarurwa ichi uye kazhinji vaitora pachena zvinhu kubva kune vasingatendi maHedeni. VaMormon vaiti Mwari akavapa nyika yese. Vakataura kuti hondo dzakateura ropa dzaizoitika idzo dzaizodzinga mamwe ese masekete ezvitendero kubva munzvimbo iyi, uye kuti avo vakapona muhondo idzi vachave "vashandi" veVatendi. Hondo yevagari vemo yakatanga pakati peVatendi neMiddle Missouri. Missouri Mutongi weRunyararo Adam Nhema akasimbisa kuburikidza neafidhavhiti kuti maMormon ane zvombo gumi nemashanu akakomberedza imba yake ndokumutyisidzira kumuuraya kana asina kusaina pepa achibvuma kusabvumidza vatsvene. Semhedzisiro yenyonganiso uye kupandukira kwakaunzwa nemaMormon, Gavhuna Boggs weMissouri akasheedza mazana mana emasoja akasungirirwa kuchengetedza runyararo. MaMormon aive nemukurumbira wekuzvitutumadza uye kudada pamweya, vachizviti ivo "maMambo nevapristi" vaMwari. Hunhu hwavo husina mutemo hwakatungamira mukudzingwa kwavo muMissouri muna 154 nemurairo kubva kuna gavhuna weMissouri.

Joseph Smith akange akatsunga kuve nehurumende inotungamirwa nevapirisita, kana nemamwe mazwi, humwari. Vanhu vakaurayiwa pamativi ese emakakatanwa ari pakati pevaMormoni neMissouri Nations. Pakupedzisira, Joseph nemunun'una wake Hyrum Smith pamwe nevamwe vana makumi mana vakasungwa vakamiswa pamberi pemhirizhonga, kuponda, kupamba, kuuraya, kuponda, uye kutyora rugare. Pakupera kwa 1838, zviuru gumi nevaviri vavaMormoni vakatanga rwendo rwavo kuenda kuIllinois. Smith nevamwe vakatiza kubva kujeri chitubu chakatevera, ndokunanga kuQuincy, Illinois.

Pakazosvika 1840, Smith aive achitungamira kuzviuru zvevaMormoni vakavaka dhizaini kana dhorobha rakanzi Nauvoo, Illinois. Iyo Nauvoo charter guta rakagadzirwa naSmith rakagadzira hurumende mukati mehurumende. Iyo yakagadzika iyo paramende yakapihwa masimba ekutepfenyura izvo zvaipesana nemitemo yenyika, pamwe neuto rehondo rinotongwa nemitemo yaro nezvisungo. Muna 1841 Joseph Smith akasarudzwa kuve meya weNauvoo. Smith aisava meya chete, asi Lieutenant-Mukuru wemauto, uye akatungamira Mutongi. Musi waNdira 19th ya1841, Smith akagamuchira chizaruro chakareba icho chakarongazve chechi yese, uye yakatsaura mari yenhengo dzakapfuma kuzvinangwa zvakasiyana. Panguva ino zvaive zvakajairika kuti makororo nemhondi vanodirana kupinda muMormonism sechivigiro chemhosva dzavo. Zviuru zvevaMormon zvakakurumidza kuungana muguta reNauvoo. Urombo pakati peVatendi hwakanga hwazara. Rudo rwemahara rwaizivikanwa kuve rwakajairika pakati pevaMormon. Smith akazova Mason muNauvoo, izvo zvakatungamira mukugadzirwa kwemasonic yake yakavanzika mhemberero. Mombe dzavaHedeni dzakatsauka dzakananga kuNauvoo dzaizivikanwa kuti hadzimbodzoke. Mahedheni akamhan'ara mumatare eNauvoo akapihwa mubairo nemitengo chete nekutukwa. "Vanonamatira madhikoni" (mapoka evakomana vachiri kuyaruka vane mapanga) vaizivikanwa muNauvoo yekutyisidzira nekushungurudza chero munhu aitaura achipokana naJoseph Smith. VaDanite vaSmith, kana "ngirozi dzinotsiva" dzaigona kutyisidzira nekutuka maHedeni nemhiko nekusanzwisisa, pamwe nekuvatyisidzira nerufu. MunaMay wa1842, Gavhuna Boggs weMissouri akadzingwa basa akakuvara mumusoro. Mormon, Orrin Porter Rockwell akapomerwa mhosva iyi, pamwe naJoseph Smith semuchina.

Muna 1844 Joseph Smith akazvizivisa semumiriri weUS Presidency. Smith akazodzwa zvakare se "muchinda wenguva pfupi," uyezve semutungamiri wemweya weMormoni. Vateveri vake vaitsigira chigaro chake chakazodzwa "madzimambo nevapristi" vake. Smith zvakare aida kuti Vasande vatore mhiko yekuzvipira kwaari. Akazviti iye akabva kuna Joseph weTestamente Yakare. VaMormoni vakazivisa panguva iyi kuti hurumende yeUnited States yaive nehuwori zvachose, yave kuda kufa, uye zvichitsiviwa nehurumende yaMwari inotungamirwa nemumwe asiri iye Joseph Smith.

Joseph Smith akatora vakadzi kubva kune vamwe vatungamiriri veMormoni. Akazvimisikidza iye oga munhu weMormonism aigona kuburitsa marezinesi emuchato, uye kutengesa zvivakwa uye doro. Pepa rakadaidzwa Iyo Expositor yakavambwa kuitira kuburitsa pachena kudzvinyirira kwaSmith. Chinyorwa chekutanga chaive nehupupuriro hwevakadzi gumi nevatanhatu vaive vanyengerwa naSmith nevamwe vatungamiriri veMormon pasi pekunyepedzera kwemvumo "youmwari" (mvumo yeufeve, hupombwe, uye barika). Smith akaunganidza Common Council yake uye akabata kubiridzira kwekutongwa kwekutsvaga Iyo Expositor "chinetso cheveruzhinji." Smith akaraira Guta Marshall neNauvoo Legion kuti vaparadze bepanhau. Pepanhau rakaparadzwa uye maHedeni pamwe nevakaramba kutenda vakadzingwa muNauvoo vachityisidzirwa nerufu. Smith saLieutenant-General weNauvoo Legion pakupedzisira akazivisa mutemo wemauto muNauvoo uye akaraira Legion kuti itore zvombo. Zviito zvaJoseph Smith mukuparadza pepanhau reExpositor, pamwe nedzimwe mhosva dzaakapara pakupedzisira dzakatungamira mukusungwa kwake muCarthage, Illinois. Akafira muJeri reCarthage mukupfura nemhare dzakatsamwa.

Smith aizivikanwa nekuda kwehunhu hwake hukuru. Akazvishingisa kuti aive neakawanda zvekuzvitutumadza kupfuura chero murume chero upi zvake. Akataura kuti ndiye ega munhu akazokwanisa kuchengeta kereke yakazara kubva panguva yaAdama. Akataura kuti Pauro, Johane, Peter, kana Jesu havana kugona kuzviita, asi akagona. Chechi Mormon yakaedza kwemakore kuvanza chokwadi pamusoro payo muvambi wavo Joseph Smith, Jr. Zvisinei, nhasi humbowo hwenhoroondo nezvekuti iye aimbova ani anowanikwa. Nehurombo, Chechi yaMormoni inoenderera mberi nekuburitsa nhema pamusoro pake kuitira kuti vaunze vanhu pasi pehunhu hwavo hwekunyengera.

REFERENCES:

Beadle, JH Polygamy kana, Izvo Zvakavanzika uye Mhosva dzeMormonism. Washington DC: Raibhurari yeCongress, 1904.

Martin, Walter. Humambo hweVatendi. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 2003.

Tanner, Jerald, naSandra. Mormonism - Mvuri kana Reality? Salt Lake Guta: Utah Lighthouse Ministry, 2008.