Joseph Smith Jr. - wanda ya kirkiro addinin Mormon
An haifi Joseph Smith Jr. a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1805 a Sharon, Vermont. Daga baya dangin Smith suka koma yankin Manchester, na yankin New York. Kamar yadda bayanan tarihi suka rubuta, ya tashi cikin jahilci, talauci, da camfi. Sunansa ya kasance na rashin hankali. Sittin da shida daga cikin maƙwabtan Smith a New York sun ba da shaida kan takaddama game da halin dangin Smith. Ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, waɗannan maƙwabta sun tabbatar da cewa halayen Smith da halayen abokansu ba su da kyau. Joseph Smith an san shi da mafi munin duka. Daga wannan shaidar ta shaidar, wadanda suka san Joseph Smith sun bayyana cewa shi ko abokansa ba za a iya gaskata su ta hanyar rantsuwa ba, kuma an samu labarai da yawa masu karo da juna game da “Baibul din zinariya”. An rubuta shi ne game da Joseph Smith cewa yana da ƙwarewa na iya rayuwa ba tare da aiki ba, kuma yana al'ajabi game da ƙasar a matsayin "mayya-ruwa," yana mai iƙirarin nuna inda kyawawan jijiyoyin ruwa suke ta hanyar ɓatan sandar hazel a hannunsa. Ya kuma yi kamar yana iya gano ɓoyayyun dukiyar da ɓatattun shanu. Tun a farkon 1820, ya fito fili ya bayyana cewa yana da wahayi da wahayi na Allah. Ya ce wani mala'ika mai suna Moroni ya bayyana masa inda aka ɓoye wasu faranti na zinariya. Bayan ya sami waɗannan faranti, ya yi amfani da dutsen peep da aka saka a cikin hular tasa don “fassara” su. Daga wannan fassarar ne Littafin Mormon ya fito, babban rubutun nasaran Mormoniyanci. Ya ƙunshi jimloli da ra'ayoyi na zamani waɗanda ba za a iya sanin su ga wanda ya kamata ya rubuta a cikin 420 AD Ya ƙunshi ambato da yawa daga fassarar King James na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, wanda aka buga a cikin 1600's. Smith yana da maza uku da suka ba da shaida a rubuce cewa sun ga faranti na zinarensa. Ofayan waɗannan mutanen an horas da su a Kirtland don zama a cikin zina a bayyane tare da yarinya baiwa; kora daga coci a Missouri saboda karya, karya, da lalata; kuma a ƙarshe ya mutu a Missouri a matsayin mashayi. An kori wani mai shaida daga cocin bayan ya ƙi bin “wahayin aure na sama” da Joseph Smith ya yi wanda ya sa zama cikin auren mata da yawa ya zama dole. Hakanan bai yarda da yadda Smith yayi amfani da Danites ba, ƙungiyar maƙaryata masu ƙarfi, wanda kuma ake kira “mala’iku masu ɗaukar fansa.” A yau an yarda cewa ainihin asalin littafin Mormon rubutun hannu ne wanda Solomon Spaulding ya rubuta; wanda ya kasance kirkirarren labari ne na tarihi. Smith da Oliver Cowdery sun kara wa littafin karantarwar rubutun hannu na Spaulding game da akidar duniya, anti-masonry, da kuma baftisma.
Lu'ulu'un Babban Daraja, wani matanin nassi na Mormon, ya zama jiki bayan Smith ya sayi wasu mayuka da littattafan jana'iza daga wani ɗan kasuwa da ke tafiya ta Kirtland, Ohio a 1835. A cikin jahilcinsa, Smith ya yi iƙirarin cewa papyrus jana'izar tana ƙunshe da rubuce rubuce daga Ibrahim da Yusuf na Tsohon Alkawari. na Misira. Koyaya, a ƙarshen shekarun 1960, Masanan ilimin kimiyyar sararin samaniya sun tabbatar da cewa papyrus ɗin da Smith yayi da'awar yayi amfani dashi wajen rubuta Lu'ulu'u mai Girma da gaske shine ainihin littafin jana'izar arna; wani bangare na Littafin Misrawa na Masar. Littafin Breathings rubutu ne na akwatin gawa da ke cike da dabarun sihiri da ke da'awar tabbatar da mutuwar mamacin zuwa lahira. Lu'ulu'un Babban Daraja ba shi da alaƙa da Ibrahim ko Yusufu na Masar. "Prina'idojin Farko na Bishara" an ɗauke su ne daga Alexander Campbell, wanda ya kafa ɗariƙar Cocin Christ. Yawancin yawancin ɗariƙar Mormons sun zo ne daga waɗanda suka yi ridda daga wasu majami'u na Kirista.
Joseph Smith ya shirya Cocin Mormon a 1830. Haikalin Mormon na farko an kammala shi a Kirtland, Ohio a 1836. Smith kuma ya shirya “kwatankwacin manzanni goma sha biyu.” Da yake Smith ya ci gaba sosai, ya zama mafi kama-karya. An san shi yana rayuwa cikin mafi girma fiye da Waliyyan sa. Smith an san shi da zina. A 1831, ya karɓi “wahayi” yana umartar Waliyyai su zauna a Missouri (ƙasar “Sihiyona”). Mormons sun la'anci Al'ummai (waɗanda ba su yarda da addinin Mormonism ba) a matsayin "maƙiyan Ubangiji." Smith da Sidney Rigdon sun gudu zuwa Missouri a 1838 don gujewa dauri bayan bankin Mormon da Smith ya kirkira sun gaza a Kirtland, Ohio. Smith da Rigdon sun kasance “masu laushi da fuka-fukai” saboda yaudarar mutane daga kuɗin su. A cikin Far West, Missouri Smith da Rigdon sun ayyana “’ yancin kansu ”daga gwamnatin Amurka. Rigdon ya gabatar da "hudubarsa ta gishiri," yana gargadin cewa za a yi yaƙi na wargazawa tsakanin Waliyyai da gwamnatin Al'ummai, inda 'yan ɗariƙar ɗariƙar ɗariƙar za su bi duk mutanen da suka zo musu har zuwa ƙarshen jininsu ya zube. Smith ya sami wani wahayi a Independence, Missouri a 1831 wanda ya bawa membobin cocin a matsayin "wakilai a kan aikin Ubangiji" su dauki dukiya a duk lokacin da suka ga dama daga Al'ummai, kuma su biya kudin kadarorin idan sun so. Tarihi ya nuna cewa ɗariƙar Mormons sun bi wannan wahayin kuma galibi suna karɓar dukiya daga arna marasa imani. Mormons ɗin sun ce Allah ya ba su ƙasar baki ɗaya. Sun yi iƙirarin cewa za a yi yaƙe-yaƙe na jini wanda zai kori duk sauran ƙungiyoyin addini daga yankin, kuma waɗanda suka tsira daga yaƙe-yaƙe za su zama “bayin” Waliyyai. Yakin basasa ya barke tsakanin Waliyyai da Al'umman Missouri. Adalcin Missouri na Peace Adam Black ya tabbatar ta hanyar takaddama cewa Mormons 154 dauke da makamai sun kewaye gidansa suna barazanar kashe shi idan bai sanya hannu kan wata takarda da ta amince da ba da sammacin a kan Waliyyai ba. Sakamakon hargitsi da tawaye da 'yan ɗariƙar Mormons suka kawo, Gwamna Boggs na Missouri ya yi kira ga mayaƙan da ke hawa 400 don kiyaye doka. Mormons suna da suna na girman kai da fahariya ta ruhaniya, suna da'awar cewa su "Sarakuna ne da Firistoci" na Allah. Halayensu na rashin doka ya sa aka fitar da su daga Missouri a 1839 ta hanyar umarnin daga gwamnan Missouri.
Joseph Smith ya kuduri aniyar samarda gwamnati ta hanyar firistoci, ko kuma ta wasu kalmomin, tsarin mulkin. An kashe mutane a ɓangarorin biyu na rikice-rikicen al'umma tsakanin ɗariƙar Mormons da Missouri Al'ummai. A ƙarshe, an kama Yusufu da ɗan'uwansa Hyrum Smith tare da wasu ɗari huɗu na ɗariƙar Mormons tare da yanke musu hukunci don cin amanar ƙasa, kisan kai, fashi, sata, kisan kai, da keta hurumin zaman lafiya. A ƙarshen 1838, onsan Mormons dubu goma sha biyu suka fara tafiya zuwa Illinois. Smith da sauran sun tsere daga kurkuku a lokacin bazara mai zuwa, sannan suka nufi Quincy, Illinois.
A 1840, Smith shine jagoran dubban ɗariƙar ɗariƙar ɗariƙar ɗariƙar ɗariƙar ɗariƙar ɗar ɗar ɗar ɗarikar ɗumokuma da suka gina mazauna ko gari da ake kira Nauvoo, Illinois. Yarjejeniyar birni Nauvoo wanda Smith ya kirkiro ya kafa gwamnati a tsakanin gwamnati. Ta kafa majalisar dokoki wacce ta samu damar zartar da hukunce-hukuncen da suka saɓawa dokokin ƙasa, da kuma rundunar sojoji waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin dokokinta da ka'idodinta. A shekara ta 1841 aka zabi Joseph Smith a matsayin magajin garin Nauvoo. Smith ba magajin gari ba ne kawai, amma Laftanar-janar na rundunar, da tsohon alkali. A ranar 19 ga Janairuth na 1841, Smith ya sami dogon wahayi wanda ya sake tsara cocin gaba daya, ya kuma tsarkake tsabar kudi na mambobi masu kudi zuwa dalilai daban-daban. A wannan lokacin ya zama ruwan dare ga 'yan fashi da masu kisan kai su shiga cikin addinin Mormon a matsayin kariya ga laifuffukan su. Dubunnan 'yan ɗariƙar Mormons cikin gaggawa sun hallara a cikin birnin Nauvoo. Talauci a tsakanin Waliyyai ya yi yawa. Loveaunar kyauta sananne ne sananne tsakanin ɗariƙar Mormons. Smith ya zama Mason a Nauvoo, wanda ya haifar da ƙirƙirar bikin sihiri na sihiri na masonic. Shanun 'yan Al'umma da suka ɓace zuwa Nauvoo an san cewa ba za su dawo ba. 'Yan Al'ummai waɗanda suka yi ƙara a kotunan Nauvoo ana ba su ladar tsada da zagi kawai. “Whittling dikon” (kungiyoyin samari masu wuka) an san su a Nauvoo don tsoratarwa da tursasa duk wanda yayi magana akan Joseph Smith. Smith's Danites, ko “mala’iku masu ɗaukar fansa” zasu tsorata kuma su wulakanta Al'ummai da baƙin rantsuwa da zagi, tare da yi musu barazanar mutuwa. A watan Mayu na 1842, an harbi Gwamna Boggs na Missouri da rauni a kansa. Wani Mormon, Orrin Porter Rockwell an gurfanar dashi akan wannan laifin, tare da Joseph Smith azaman kayan haɗi.
A shekara ta 1844 Joseph Smith ya sanar da kansa a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin Amurka. Smith shima ya shafa kansa a matsayin “yariman lokaci,” kazalika jagoran ruhaniya na ɗariƙar Mormons. Mabiyansa waɗanda suka ɗaukaka matsayin kursiyinsa an shafe su “sarakuna da firistoci.” Smith ya kuma bukaci Waliyyai su rantse masa. Yayi da'awar cewa ya fito daga zuriyar Yusufu na Tsohon Alkawari. A ɗariƙar Mormons ta yi shela a wannan lokacin cewa gwamnatin Amurkan ta lalace sosai, ta kusan shuɗewa, kuma saboda za a maye gurbin ta da gwamnatin Allah wanda ba wani wanda Yusufu Smith ya jagora.
Joseph Smith ya auri mata daga wasu shugabannin Mormon. Ya kafa kansa a matsayin mutum guda a cikin addinin Mormon wanda zai iya ba da lasisin aure, ya sayar da kayan masarufi da giya. Wata takarda ya kira Mai Fitar an fara shi ne don fallasa ƙara ɓarkewar halin Smith. Batu na farko ya ƙunshi shaidar mata goma sha shida waɗanda Smith da wasu shugabannin Mormon suka ruɗe su a ƙarƙashin ruɗin izinin “allahntaka” (izini don fasikanci, zina, da auren mata fiye da ɗaya). Smith ya tattara Majalisar sa ta gama gari kuma ya gudanar da binciken yaudara Mai Fitar wani "fitinar jama'a." Smith ya umarci City Marshall da Nauvoo Legion su lalata jaridar. An lalata jaridar kuma an kori 'Yan Al'umma da masu ridda daga Nauvoo cikin barazanar mutuwa. Smith a matsayin Laftana-Janar na Sojojin Nauvoo daga ƙarshe ya ba da sanarwar dokar yaƙi a Nauvoo kuma ya umurci ionungiyar ta ɗauki makami. Ayyukan Joseph Smith na lalata Jaridar Expositor, da sauran laifukan da ya aikata a ƙarshe sun haifar da tsare shi a Carthage, Illinois. Ya mutu a cikin kurkukun Carthage a harbe-harbe tare da wasu mayaƙan da ke fusata.
Smith ya kasance sananne saboda girman kansa. Ya yi fahariya cewa yana da abubuwan alfahari game da kowane mutum. Ya ce shi kadai ne mutumin da ya isa ya iya riƙe coci gaba ɗaya tun daga lokacin Adamu. Ya ce Bulus, Yahaya, Bitrus, da Yesu ba su iya yi, amma ya iya. Cocin Mormon yana kokarin shekaru don ɓoye gaskiya game da wanda ya kafa su Joseph Smith, Jr. Duk da haka, a yau shaidar tarihi game da wanda ya kasance da gaske yana samuwa. Abin takaici, Cocin Mormon yana ci gaba da samar da farfaganda game da shi don ya kawo mutane karkashin tasirin rudu.
REFERENCES:
Beadle, JH polygamy ko, Asiri da Laifi na addinin Mormon. Washington DC: Laburaren Majalisa, 1904.
Martin, Walter. Mulkin Kungiyoyi. Minneapolis: Gidan Bethany, 2003.
Tanner, Jerald, da Sandra. Addinin Hindu - Inuwa ko Gaskiya? Garin Salt Lake: Ma'aikatar Haske ta Utah, 2008.